1849-1850       205 Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

1849-1850       Corner of 4½ Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.

1850                205 Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

1850-1851       230 King Street, Charleston, South Carolina.

1851                Masonic Hall, King and Wentworth Streets, Charleston, South Carolina.

1851-1852       167 Meeting Street, Charleston, South Carolina.

1852                294 King Street, Charleston, South Carolina.

1853                349 Broadway, New York, New York.

N. D.  The New York Historical Society’s Dictionary Of American Artists In America 1564-1860.  (New Haven, Connecticut.)  1957, P. 113-114.

Carvalho, Solomon Nunes (1815-1894).  Portrait and Landscape painter, daguerreotypist, and photographer; born in Charleston (S. C.), April 27, 1815.  The artist’s father, David N. Carvalho (1784-1860), a watchmaker and merchant in Charleston for many years, moved in 1828 to Baltimore, where he established a marble paper Manufactory.  The family moved again in 1835, to Philadelphia, where they remained for the next fifteen years.  Solomon’s career as an artist began in Philadelphia about 1838 and centered there for the next decade, though he also worked in Charleston and Washington in the early 1840’s.  S. N. Carvalho was again in Philadelphia in 1849, when he exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy, but the following year the whole family, including Solomon’s wife and two year old son David, moved to Baltimore, where they made their home until the elder Carvalho’s death in 1860.  In 1851-52 Solomon again paid a professional visit to Charleston.  His next professional venture was his two year service as artist-photographer with John C. Fremont’s expedition to the Far West (1853-54), Carvalho’s own account of which was published in 1857.  During the latter half of the 1850’s the artist worked in Baltimore, but soon after his father’s death he moved to NYC, accompanied by his wife and four sons—David, Jerrite, Jacob, and Solomon (ages 12, 10, 8 and 4, respectively, in 1860).  Carvalho was listed as an artist or photographer in NYC directories until about 1880 and thereafter as president of the Carvalho Heating and Super-heating Co. or simply as inventor.  He died in NYC in 1894…

1845 October 25.  Saturday Courier.  (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)  October 25, 1845, Vol. XV, No. 33, P. 3. 

On the 15th inst. By the Rev. Isaac Leeser, Mr. Solomon N. Carvalho, of Barbadoes, (sic.), eldest son of D. N. Carvalho, of this city, to Miss. Sarah M. daughter of the late Jacob S. Solis, of New York.

1846 February 5.  American Sentinel.  (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)  February 5, 1846, Vol. XXX, P. 3. 

Married. In Barbados, W. I. On Wednesday, the 15th October, at the residence of Mr. S. Solis, Mr. Solomon N. Carvalho, of Bridgetown, Barbados, and son of D. N. Carvalho, of Philadelphia, to Miss. Sarah M. Solis, of that city, daughter of the late Jacob S. Solis.

1849 May 28.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  May 28, 1849, Vol. XCIX, No. 17,288, P. 3.

Gallery Of Fine Arts.  No. 205 Baltimore Street.  S. N. Carvalho, Artist, respectfully informs the inhabitants of Baltimore and its vicinity, that he has become the proprietor of the establishment formerly known as the Plumbe National Gallery, over The Jewelry Store of Messrs. R. & A. Campbell.  He has procured the services of Mr. T. O. Smith, the principal operator at Root’s Gallery of Philadelphia, who will attend to the production of an entirely new style Daguerreotype, patented under the name of the Crayon Daguerreotype, never before introduced in this city.  The great advantage which this style of picture possesses over any other, is that the picture can be seen equally well in any light, and as distinctly when hung against a wall as the finest miniature.  The whole strength of the Instrument is thrown on the head, and the artistic distribution of light and shadow give it the appearance of one of the celebrated Italian Crayon Drawings.

S. N. Carvalho will attend to the Painting department.  Portraits and Miniatures, either from life or Daguerreotype, executed in a manner which he is certain will give satisfaction.  In connection with the above, the Gallery will be adorner with choice works of art, both ancient and modern, affording to the citizens and ladies of Baltimore a fashionable and pleasing resort, without any pecuniary outlay.  The establishment is now being newly fitted up, and will be opened on the first of June.

The charges for the Crayon Daguerreotype will be less than those charged for ordinary Pictures, by the old process.  The subscriber depends solely on the merits of the Pictures produced at this establishment for the success which he anticipates.  

1849 June 22.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  June 22, 1849, Vol. XCIX, No. 17,310, P. 3.

Daguerreotypes—Mr. S. N. Carvalho, has recently opened his Gallery of Fine Arts at No. 205 Baltimore street, where he is prepared to take likenesses which, for superiority of execution and strictness of resemblance, cannot be surpassed.  Mr. C. has adopted the Crayon style, by which the daguerreotype is made to resemble a finely executed engraving.  By it, too, the artistic affect of light and shadow is more clearly developed; the bust is lost in the back ground, in imitation of crayon drawing; and the eyes, heretofore considered a very difficult feature to imitate successfully, are brought out with a distinctness and close resemblance which must satisfy all.  Another thing claimed for this style is that a large sized picture may be taken on a plate of one third the dimensions required by the old process.  Mr. Carvalho will also execute colored daguerreotypes when desired, for which his experience as an artist renders him peculiarly qualified.  He is assisted in his beautiful art by Mr. Smith, whose knowledge of chemistry enables him to prepare the plates with such sensitiveness that children may be taken in the short space of from one to three seconds.  The likeness of the Hon. Henry Clay, John Swift, Esq. Mayor of Philadelphia, and a number of other distinguished gentlemen, which may be found at Mr. C.’s rooms, will be readily recognized.  All in want of first rate pictures should not fail to give him a call.  Visitors will find the rooms handsomely furnished, and while waiting for pictures may amuse themselves on one of Messrs. Wise & Bro.’s fine tone pianos with the improved touch.

1849 July 17.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  July 17, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,330, P. 2.

Improved Daguerreotypes.  S. N. Carvalho’s Gallery Of Fine Arts, No. 205 Baltimore street.  The subscriber informs the public generally that he has erected a building with a combination of sky and side lights, where he can (from his knowledge of light and shadow, having made it his study for 15 years,) produce Daguerreotype likenesses which will compare with any taken in the United States.  His new crayon process is admirably adapted for gentlemen’s portraits.  He invites the public to call and view his specimens, and will in all instances, if allowed, take a picture of a gentleman or lady to show the style of his work, without any charge.

Children of any age taken in a few seconds.

Portraits, Engravings, Statuary, &c., accurately copied.  S. N. Carvalho, over Campbell’s Jewelry Store, 205 Baltimore st.

1849 July 31.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  July 31, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,342, P. 3.

Daguerreotypes.—There is no branch of art in which more improvement has been effected in so short a time as that of Photography, or Daguerreotyping.  Among those who are foremost in the adoption of all new progressions in this beautiful science in Mr. S. N Carvalho, who has lately introduced here the Crayon process, by which his pictures are made to closely resemble a fine engraving.—He has recently much enlarged and made important additions to his already excellent sky light, and sitters may rely on having their likenesses taken in the most correct and life-like manner, and in the highest style of the art.  Mr. Carvalho’s rooms are at 205 Baltimore street, and will be fond to be handsomely furnished, with piano and other musical instruments for the entertainment of visitors.

1849 August 21.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  August 21, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,360, P. 3.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes are justly admired for their truthful likenesses, classical arrangement, and beautiful tone.  Those who want a good picture are invited to call on Mr. Carvalho, No. 205 Baltimore street, over R. & A. Campbell’s jewelry store.

Advertisement ran from August 21 to 27, 1849.

1849 September 3.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  September 3, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,371, P. 3.

Improved Daguerreotypes.  S. N. Carvalho’s Gallery Of Fine Arts, No. 205 Baltimore street.  The subscriber informs the public generally that he has erected a building with a combination of sky and side lights, where he can (from his knowledge of light and shadow, having made it his study for 15 years,) produce Daguerreotype likenesses which will compare with any taken in the United States.  His new crayon process is admirably adapted for gentlemen’s portraits.  He invites the public to call and view his specimens, and will in all instances, if allowed, take a picture of a gentleman or lady to show the style of his work, without any charge.

Children of any age taken in a few seconds.

Portraits, Engravings, Statuary, &c., accurately copied.  S. N. Carvalho, over Campbell’s Jewelry Store, 205 Baltimore st.

1849 September 17.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  September 17, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,386, P. 3.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes are worthy a place in the Cabinet of all lovers of good pictures—his portraits are gems in their way.  They have a beautiful rich lifelike tone, and are considered by first rate judges to be the best in the city.  Mr. Carvalho is an experienced artist having practiced successfully his profession in this city ten years ago; and his knowledge of light and shadow enables him to give a classical arrangement to the figure.  His skylight is most scientifically projected; and his Saloon, No. 205 Baltimore st., is well worth a visit.

Advertisement ran from September 17 to 21, 1849.

1849 November 13.  The Republic.  (Washington, D. C.)  November 13, 1849, Vol. 1, No. 130, P. 3.

Arrivals At The Hotels…National Hotel, Corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th street…S. N. Carvalho, Baltimore.

1849 November 27.  The Republic.  (Washington, D. C.)  November 27, 1849, Vol. 1, No. 142, P. 3.

Arrivals At The Hotels…National Hotel, Corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th street…S. N. Carvalho, Baltimore.

1849 November 28.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  November 28, 1849, Vol. C, No. 17,428, P. 3.

Carvalho’s Gallery Of Fine Arts’ (formerly Plumb’s,) No. 205 Baltimore St. 

Why are Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes the best in the city?  Because they are made by an experienced Artist who understands the profession scientifically.

Why is Carvalho’s Gallery of Fine Arts continually thronged with visitors?  Because his rooms are elegantly arranged with beautiful specimens of Paintings, Engravings and Daguerreotypes, an improved tone Piano, and a Lady always in attendance for the comfort of Lady visitors.

Why are Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes easily distinguished from all others taken in the city?  Because there is a depth of tone, an artistic arrangement of light and shadow, and an ease and grace about the attitudes, which none others possess.

Why did not Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes take the premium at the late fair?  Simply because Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes were not on exhibition at the late Fair.  The public had already awarded him the highest premium for his Pictures.

Why is the operating room filled with Children of all ages from eleven o’clock till three every day?  Because during those hours he is continually engaged in producing the most beautiful groups of these interesting responsibilities.

Why he is always engaged in cloudy weather?  Because a cloudy day is the very best time for Adults to sit for Pictures.  Let the public bear this in mind.

1849 December 4.  The Republic.  (Washington, D. C.)  December 4, 1849, Vol. 1, No. 147, P. 3.

Arrivals At The Hotels…National Hotel, Corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th street…S. N. Carvalho, Baltimore.

1849 December 7.  The Republic.  (Washington, D. C.)  December 7, 1849, Vol. 1, No. 150, P. 3.

Daguerreotypes.—We refer to the card, in another column, of Mr. Carvalho, artist, who has established himself in our city.  He has acquired much celebrity, and understands the art not only pf taking Daguerreotype likenesses, but of drawing, painting, &c., thoroughly.  Mr. C. is well known in Baltimore, and has now in that city a superb and highly attractive gallery of paintings.  We refer those who may desire his services to his establishment, and are confident they will be suited in the very best manner.

1849 December 7.  The Republic.  (Washington, D. C.)  December 7, 1849, Vol. 1, No. 150, P. 3.

American Photographic Gallery.  S. N. Carvalho, Artists, of Baltimore, respectfully informs the citizens of Washington and the public in general, that he has rented the Daguerreotype Gallery formerly occupied by Van Loan & Chase, at the corner of 4½ street and Pennsylvania avenue, where he is prepared to make pictures which will bear comparison with any daguerreotypes in the world.  He has established at Baltimore a reputation for making the best pictures in that city; and the public at Washington have now the opportunity of procuring an artistic picture, such an one as will be worthy a place in the cabinet of the connoisseurs or the ladies’ centre table.  Groups of any number of persons can be taken, with all the classical arrangement of light and shadow, expression, and beautiful tone of a highly-finished mezzotint engraving.

N. B.  The greatest care taken in procuring correct likenesses of children; and in no instance will a charge be made without the picture is perfectly satisfactory.  Call and examine specimens.  Post mortem cases promptly attended to.  Corner of 4½ and Pennsylvania avenue.

1849 December 8.  Daily National Intelligencer.  (Washington, D. C.)  December 8, 1849, Vol. XXXVII, No. 11,479, P. 3.

American Photographic Gallery.  S. N. Carvalho, Artists, of Baltimore, respectfully informs the citizens of Washington and the public in general, that he has rented the Daguerreotype Gallery formerly occupied by Van Loan & Chase, at the corner of 4½ street and Pennsylvania avenue, where he is prepared to make pictures which will bear comparison with any daguerreotypes in the world.  He has established at Baltimore a reputation for making the best pictures in that city; and the public at Washington have now the opportunity of procuring an artistic picture, such an one as will be worthy a place in the cabinet of the connoisseurs or the ladies’ centre table.  Groups of any number of persons can be taken, with all the classical arrangement of light and shadow, expression, and beautiful tone of a highly-finished mezzotint engraving.

N. B.  The greatest care taken in procuring correct likenesses of children; and in no instance will a charge be made without the picture is perfectly satisfactory.  Call and examine specimens.  Post mortem cases promptly attended to.  Corner of 4½ and Pennsylvania avenue.

1849 December 12.  The Daily Union.  (Washington, D. C.)  December 12, 1849, Vol. V, No. 191, P. 3.

American Photographic Gallery.  S. N. Carvalho, Artists, of Baltimore, respectfully informs the citizens of Washington and the public in general, that he has rented the Daguerreotype Gallery formerly occupied by Van Loan & Chase, at the corner of 4½ street and Pennsylvania avenue, where he is prepared to make pictures which will bear comparison with any daguerreotypes in the world.  He has established at Baltimore a reputation for making the best pictures in that city; and the public at Washington have now the opportunity of procuring an artistic picture, such an one as will be worthy a place in the cabinet of the connoisseurs or the ladies’ centre table.  Groups of any number of persons can be taken, with all the classical arrangement of light and shadow, expression, and beautiful tone of a highly-finished mezzotint engraving.

N. B.  The greatest care taken in procuring correct likenesses of children; and in no instance will a charge be made without the picture is perfectly satisfactory.  Call and examine specimens.  Post mortem cases promptly attended to.  Corner of 4½ and Pennsylvania avenue.

Advertisement ran from December 12, 1849 to March 24, 1850.

1850 January 1.  The Daily Union.  (Washington, D. C.)  January 1, 1850, Vol. V, No. 207, P. 3.

Wonders will never cease!—We are told that a most beautiful Daguerreotype likeness can be obtained at the new daguerrean establishment, at the Odeon, for only One Dollar.

Advertisement ran from January 1 to 10, 1850.

1850 March 13.  Daily National Intelligencer.  (Washington, D. C.)  March 13, 1850, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 11,557, P. 3.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes, Odeon, corner of 4½ street and Pennsylvania avenue.  Daguerreotypes taken in the first style of art.  The public are invited to call and examine specimens.

1850 June 29.  Baltimore Price-Current and Weekly Journal of Commerce.  (Baltimore, Maryland.) June 29, 1950, Vol. 1, No. 1, P. 1.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotype Gallery, No. 205 Baltimore st.  Pictures taken in all weathers.

The most extensive and scientifically arranged sky-light in the city.

Advertisement ran from June 29, 1850 to July 12, 1851.

1850 July 6.  Baltimore Price-Current and Weekly Journal of Commerce.  (Baltimore, Maryland.) July 6, 1850, Vol. 1, No. 2, P. 1.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotype Gallery, No. 205 Baltimore st.  Pictures taken in all weather.

The most extensive and scientifically arranged sky-light in the city.

1850 July 31.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  July 31, 1850, Vol. CII, No. 15,843, P. 2.

Ivory Daguerreotypes At Carvalho’s Gallery, 205 Baltimore Street.  The Subscriber is now producing a new and beautiful style of  pictures, resembling a miniature painted on Ivory, which for beauty and tone of finish, cannot be surpassed and supercede (sic.) entirely the necessity of the expensive Miniature Painting, which these imitate.  S, N. Carvalho. 205 Baltimore street, over Campbell’s Jewelry Store.

1850 October 24.  The Sun.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  October 24, 1850, Vol. XXVII, No. 136, P. 2.

Cattle Show.—Strangers visiting the city for the purpose of attending the above, are respectfully invited to Carvalho’s Daguerreotype Gallery, No. 205 Baltimore Street, over Campbell’s Jewelry Store where they can obtain a superior picture of themselves and friends.

1850 December 16.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.)  December 16, 1850, Vol. XLVIII, No. 14,681, P. 2.

Ship News Port Of Charleston Dec. 16, 1850.  Arrived on Saturday…

Line Schr. Saml. Butler, Booze, Baltimore, 3m days from Capes…S. N. Carvalho.

1850 December 17.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.)  December 17, 1850, Vol. XLVIII, No. 14,682, P. 3.

Ivory Daguerreotypes.  S, N. Carvalho, a native of Charleston, respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of this city, and its vicinity, that he has taken rooms at No. 230 King street, opposite Messrs. Lambert & Brother’s Carpet store, where he is prepared to make Daguerreotypes on an entire new style, by a process discovered by himself.  These pictures resemble a highly finished miniature on Ivory, and possess the advantage of being seen in any light.  Being an artist, he is also enabled, from his knowledge of light and shade, to make classical arrangements of groups, by the usual process.

Particular care taken in making Daguerreotypes of Children of any age. Which by the aid of powerful quick working instrument, can be correctly delivered in one second of time.

Likenesses Taken After Death, at the shortest notice.  Paintings, Engravings, Statuary and Daguerreotypes accurately copied.

Portraits painted in oil from life, and Likenesses in every instance guaranteed.  S. N. Carvalho, 230 King street.

1851 February 3.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) February 3, 1851, Vol. XLIX, No. 14,721, P. 2.

Mr. Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes and Oil Paintings.—Within the last year, numerous important improvements in the process of Daguerreotyping have been introduced, which we have taken occasion from time to time, to notice.  Among the latest is a new style resembling a highly finished miniatures on ivory, several specimens of which are on exhibition at the rooms of Mr. S. N. Carvalho, 230 King street.  Mr. C. is a native of this city, where he has returned, after an absence of a few years, with recruited health, and experience in the profession to which he has devoted himself, with the view of taken up his permanent residence among us.  His studio has  been only recently opened to the public, but he has already accumulated a respectable number of likenesses of well known residents of this city both in Photographic and Oil paintings; his familiarity as a professional artist with the philosophical principles of light and shadow, enabling him to combine the study and practice of both to great advantage.  An exquisitely delicate and life-like fancy sketch in oil, which he has just completed, is attracting the admiration of his visitors, and considered by many good judges among them to be a highly successful effort, in the delineation of a difficult subject, altitude and expression.  Mr. Carvalho’s rooms are open at all hours of the morning and afternoon for the inspection of ladies and gentlemen desirous of seeing his specimens and improvements in the art.

1851 March 4.  American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.  (Baltimore, Maryland.)  March 4, 1851, Vol. CIII, No. 16,025, P. 3.

Paintings And Furniture Of A Gallery Of Fine Arts.—On This (Wednesday) Morning, March 5th, at 12 o’clock, precisely, we shall sell at 205 Baltimore street, over the store of Messrs. R. & A. Campbell, the Paintings and Furniture of Mr. S. N. Carvalho. Who is about to vacate the premises.  We name—One suit of solid Walnut Furniture, consisting of Sofas, 2 Lounges and 8 Chairs; Tapestry covers, made by Riddle, of Philadelphia; Damask Window Curtains; Lace do; French Plate Mirrors; Centre Tables; Side do; Show Cases; Stoves, &c. –in fact, every thing usually found in such an establishment.  Also, 25 Oli Paintings, part of which are original and very valuable.

Terms cash, in bankable money.  Cannon, Bennett & Co., Aucts.

Advertisement ran on March 4 & 5, 1851.

1851 April 2.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) April 2, 1851, Vol. XLIX, No. 14,772, P. 3.

Carvalho’s Daguerreotypes, at the Masonic Hall, corner of King and Wentworth sts., entrance on Wentworth-st.—The subscriber respectfully  informs the public generally, that he has removed his Gallery to the first floor of the Masonic Hall, where he is prepared to make Daguerreotypes of all sizes, in style which for classical arrangements and beauty of finish, cannot be excelled.   S. N. Carvalho.

1851 June 11.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) June 11, 1851, Vol. XLIX, No. 14,831, P. 3.

Ship News.  Port of Charleston, June 11, 1851.  Arrived Yesterday…

Brig. [Gulnare, Ellenis], Baltimore, 9 days from the capes…S. N. Carvalho.   

1851 June 17.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) June 17, 1851, Vol. XLIX, No. 14,836, P. 3.

South-Carolina Daguerrean Gallery,  Grand Sky Light 167 Meeting-st., nearly opposite the Charleston Hotel.  The subscriber has fitted up on scientific principles, a grand Sky Light , so arranged, that Pictures can be made in all kinds of weather, but without inconvenience to the weakest eyes from excessive glare of light.

Citizens and strangers are invited to visit this Gallery whether they wish pictures or not.

Daguerreotypes Of Children, singly or in family groups.

All pictures warranted not to rub off,  S. N. Carvalho.

Advertisement ran from June 17 to 20, 1851.

1851 November 21.  The Southern Press.  (Washington, D. C.)  November 21, 1851, Vol. II, No. 140, P. 3.

From the Charleston Courier.  Opening of the Fair,..

Specimens Of Art.  Daguerreotypes.—From Smith and Longman, S. N Carvalho. 

Oil Paintings—Messrs. Curtis, Carvalho.

1852 February 14.  Boston Evening Transcript.  (Boston, Massachusetts.)  February 14, 1852, P. 1.

A daguerreotypist in Charlestown, (sic.) Mr. Carvalho, has discovered a mode of covering the daguerreotypes with a transparent enamel surface, whereby he dispenses with the glass cover to protect the picture.  Rubbing the plate, instead of injuring, improves the picture.  Such pictures may be sent any distance without injury.

1852 February 21.  The Planters’ Banner.  (Franklin, Louisiana.)  February 21, 1852, Vol. XVII, No. 6, P. 3.

New Discovery in Daguerreotyping.—J. N. Carvalho, of Charleston, has shown the editor of the Courier a specimen of his newly invented daguerreotype plate, which possesses this advantage over the old method, viz: that it requires no glass to protect it, inasmuch as it is covered with a transparent enamel surface, which renders the picture impervious to the effects of the atmosphere, and less liable to be rubbed off; in fact, the more friction that is used on the surface, the brighter and clearer the picture becomes.  So durable is it that it can be sent in a letter any distance without the possibility of its being scratched or defaced.  Mr. Carvalho, who is a native of Charleston intends to take out a patent for his discovery

1852 February 21.  Sunbury American.  (Sunbury, Pennsylvania.)  February 21, 1852, New Series Vol. 4, No. 48, Old Series Vol. 12, No. 22, P. 1.

A Daguerreotypist in Charlestown, (sic.) Mr. Carvalho, has discovered a mode of covering the Daguerreotypes with a transparent enamel surface, whereby he dispenses with the glass cover to protect the picture.  Rubbing the plate, instead of injuring, improves the picture.  Such pictures may be sent any distance without injury.

1852 February 26.  The New York Reformer.  (Watertown, New York.)  February 26, 1852, Vol. 2, No. 27, P. 3.

Valuable Discovery.—A daguerreotypist in Charleston, Mr. Carvalho, has discovered a mode of covering the daguerreotypes with a transparent enamel surface, whereby he dispenses with the glass cover to protect the picture.  Rubbing the plate, instead of injuring, improves the picture.  Such pictures may be sent to any distance without injury.

1852 March 2.  Vermont Chronicle.  (Windsor, Vermont.)  March 2, 1852, Vol. XXVII, No. 9, Whole No. 1352, P. 4.

A gentleman in Charleston is said to have made a valuable discovery in the art of daguerreotyping.  The advantage claimed for a picture taken by the new process is, that it requires no glass to protect it, inasmuch as it is covered with a transparent enameled surface, which renders the picture impervious to the effects of the atmosphere, and less liable to be rubbed off; in fact, the more friction that is used on the surface, the brighter and clearer the picture becomes; and so durable is it, that it can be sent in a letter any distance without the possibility of its being scratched or defaced.

1852 March 4.  Hannibal Journal.  (Hannibal, Missouri.)  March 4, 1852, Vol. II, No. 27, P. 4.

New Discovery In Daguerreotyping.—We had placed on our desk yesterday by Mr. J. N. Carvalho, of 167 Meeting street for the inspection of the curious in such matters a specimen of his newly invented daguerreotype plate, which possesses this advantage over the old method, viz: that it requires no glass to protect it, inasmuch as it is covered with a transparent enamel surface, which renders the picture impervious to the effects of the atmosphere, and less liable to be rubbed off—in fact the more friction that is used on the surface the brighter and clearer the picture becomes, and so durable is it that it can be sent in a letter any distance without the possibility of its being scratched or defaced.  Mr. Carvalho intends, we understand, to take out a patent.—Charleston paper.

1852 April 1.  Pittsfield Sun.  (Pittsfield, Massachusetts.)  April 1, 1852, Vol. LII, No. 2689, P. 2.

A Daguerreotypist in Charleston, S. C. has discovered a mode of covering daguerreotypes with a transparent enamel surface, whereby he dispenses with the glass cover to protect the picture.  Rubbing the plate, instead of injuring, improves the picture.  Such pictures may be sent to any distance without injury.

1852 May 20.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) May 20, 1852, Vol. L, No. 15,118, P. 3.

Grand Scientifically Arranged Light,  Carvalho’s King-Street Daguerreotype Gallery, 294, Opposite Liberty-Street, Only Up One Flight Of Stairs.  First Rate Pictures From $1.50, Case Included, To Ten Dollars.

Likenesses of Children taken in One Second of time.  All Pictures Warranted.

N. B. A reception room expressly for Ladies.

1852 August 14.  The New York Herald.  (New York, New York.)  August 14, 1852, Whole No. 7226, P. 3.

Daguerrean Gallery.—A First Rate Opportunity for going into business.–For sale, a Daguerrean Gallery, with skylight ten feet square, neatly fitted up, now doing a business of $1,800 per annum, in the most business part of Charleston, S. C., either with or without a whole or a half plate instrument.  The subscriber, being engaged in the duties of his profession, is unable to attend to it.  Address, post paid, to S. N. Carvalho, artist, Charleston, S. C.  N. B.—From $300 to $400 required, as may be agreed on , and possession given immediately.

1852 November 23.  The Camden Journal.  (Camden, South Carolina.)  November 23, 1852, Vol. 3, No. 94, P. 2.

The Fair and Poultry Exhibition…We have taken a few notes in the more delicate and fine arts to-day.  In Oil Painting, Mr. S. N. Cavalho (sic.), of this city, presents several creditable offerings from his studio-conspicuous among which is a familiar Portrait readily recognized as the weather beaten but expressive countenance of “The Wandering Jew,” a venerable eccentric character well known down town, by his constant presence, and up the road, through the innumerable hieroglyphics traced along the fences, to an indefinite extent, by his hand.  These paintings add no little attraction to the Exhibition.

1852 November 25.  Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.)  November 25, 1852, Vol. L, No 15277, P. 2.

The Committee on Premiums, to whom was assigned the duty of selecting competent judges to decide on the respective merits of the various articles offered for exhibition at the Fair of the South-Carolina Institute for the present year, respectfully report the following list of awards…

S. N. Carvalho, for the Bust of a Beggar—a Silver Medal.

Osborn, for the best Composition Daguerreotypes—A Silver Medal. 

Glenn, for the best Daguerreotype heads—a Silver Medal.

1852 December 27.  The Charleston Courier.  (Charleston, South Carolina.) December 27, 1852, Vol. L, No. 15,304, P. 2.

For Sale.—The Subscriber, intending to devote his whole time to his profession (Portrait Painting) will dispose of his Daguerrean Gallery, 294 King-street, together with instruments, &c., on accommodating terms.  He will also give instructions to the purchaser if required.  Apply as above.  S. N. Carvalho.

1853 February 28.  Morning Journal and Courier.  (New Haven, Connecticut.)  February 28, 1853, Vol. VIII, No. 49, P. 2

A valuable discovery with regard to daguerreotypes has been made by Mr. S. N. Carvalho, an artist of Charleston, S. C.  It has been hitherto necessary to enclose daguerreotypes in cases, and cover them with glass, as the least friction destroyed the work of sun and shadow.  Mr. Carvalho has discovered a perfectly transparent enamel, insoluble by all ordinary agents, a thin coating of which being spread upon a daguerreotype, may be carried about without other protection, or sent by post to any part of the world.  The enamel, produces no perceptible effect upon the picture.

1853 March 4.  The Freeman’s Journal.  (Cooperstown, New York.)  March 4, 1853, Vol. XLV, No. 29, Whole No. 2,317, P. 4.

A valuable discovery with regard to daguerreotypes has been made by Mr. S. N. Carvalho, an artist of Charleston, S. C.  It has been hitherto necessary to enclose daguerreotypes in cases, and cover them with glass, as the least friction destroyed the work of sun and shadow.  Mr. Carvalho has discovered a perfectly transparent enamel, insoluble by all ordinary agents, a thin coating of which being spread upon a daguerreotype it may be carried about without other protection, or sent by post to any part of the world.  The enamel, produces no perceptible effect upon the picture.

1853 March 8.  Portland Weekly Advertiser.  (Portland, Maine.)  March 8, 1853, Vol. LV, No. 10, P. 2.

A Discovery And An Improvement.—Mr. Carvalho, a young artist who has won some deserved celebrity at Charleston, S. C. has shown us a specimen of the successful application of a recent discovery of his, which must add, we think great value to the daguerreotype.  It is a process of enamelling,—applied after the picture is taken—by which the impression is permanently secured, and protected from the action of fire, water, or contact of any kind.  Thus protected, the daguerreotype needs no glass, in framing, and it may be transmitted, without injury, by mail, to any distance.  [N. Y. Express.

1853 March 17.  New York Daily Tribune.  (New York, New York.)  March 17, 1853, Vol. XII, No. 3718, P. 4.

Transparent Enameled Daguerreotypes.—J. Gurney, Daguerreotypist, No. 349 Broadway, corner of Leonard-st., having completed arrangements and entered into an arrangement with Mr. S. N. Carvalho, the discoverer of the above beautiful and highly important process, takes this method to inform his patrons and the public generally, that Mr. Carvalho may be found at his gallery, No. 349 Broadway, where he is prepared to enamel daguerreotypes of all sizes, whether taken at the gallery or elsewhere.

In offering this discovery to the public, Mr. Gurney is deeply impressed with the importance which a hard, transparent; enamel surface must and does add to the intrinsic value of good Daguerreotypes.  It effectually and permanently preserves it from atmospheric action; the picture may be washed, rubbed hard with a soft handererchief or glove, handled with soiled or greasy fingers, the surface of the enamel not sustaining the slightest injury.

Valuable Daguerreotypes of deceased relatives or friends may be thus permanently preserved at a small expense.

To Miniature painters, engravers and artists generally this enamel surface affords facility for tracing, which is a great desideratum.

For transmitting Daguerreotypes in a simple letter to any part of the world, without extra expense for postage, express, &c., thousands of persons will take advantage, as it supercedes the great uncertainty, detention, and expense of ordinary transportation.

The public are respectfully invited to call and examine specimens.  J. Gurney, cor. Leonard and Broadway.

Advertisement ran on March 17 & 18, 1853.

1853 March 22.  Vermont Chronicle.  (Windsor, Vermont.)  March 22, 1853, Vol. XXVIII, No. 12, Whole No. 1408, P. 4.

Enamel For Daguerreotypes.  A valuable discovery with regard to daguerreotypes has been made by Mr. S. N. Carvalho, an artist of Charleston, S. C,  It has been hitherto necessary to enclose daguerreotypes in cases, and cover them with glass, as the least friction destroyed the work of sun shadow. 

Mr. Charvalho (sic.) has discovered a perfectly transparent enamel, insoluble by all ordinary agents, a thin coating of which being spread upon a daguerreotype, it may be carried about without other protection, or sent by post to any part of the world.  The enamel produces no perceptible effect upon the picture.

1853 October 28.  Wheeling Daily Intelligencer.  (Wheeling, Virginia.)  October 28, 1853, Vol. 2, No. 55, P. 2.

Col. Fremont had sufficiently recovered from his indisposition to enable him to resume his winter expedition over the central rout to the Pacific.  He left St. Louis on the 15th to join his company at Old Caw Mission, at which place they were camping.  His party consists of twenty-one men, ten of whom are Delaware Indians.  Some of these Indians have been with Col. Fremont on previous expeditions.  They are picked men of their tribe, and most skillful hunters.  A daguerrean artist goes with the party, who will take sketches of everything worthy to be represented along the route.

1854 September 22.  The Western Democrat.  (Charlotte, North Carolina.)  September 22, 1854, Vol. 3, No. 9, P. 2.

Daguerreotypes of The Rocky Mountains.  The Washington correspondent of the New York Times writes: 

Calling upon the world-renowned Col. Fremont, at his residence a few evenings since. I was favored with an exhibition of quite a number of the three hundred daguerreotype views of various points of interest passed by him during his recent expedition to the Rocky Mountains, taken by the Colonel, with the assistance of a young artist who belonged to his party.  I hardly know whether to express more admiration of the perfection of these pictures as a work of art, or of the happy idea which suggested this method of presenting perfectly truthful descriptions of the country through which the explorer passed.  Some of these views present a back-ground of twenty or thirty miles; and, notwithstanding they were all taken in the open air, and under circumstances which make it quite impossible for the artist to avail themselves of some of the chemicals indispensable by Brady or Whitehurst, the latter gentlemen never turned out better specimens of the art than are many of the Colonel’s plates.   

 1897 May 24.  New York Tribune.  (New York, New York.)  May 24, 1897, Vol. LVII, No. 18, 453, P. 7.

Solomon N. Carvalho.  Solomon N. Carvalho, an artist, of No. 479 Mount Hope Place, died at his home on Friday.  Mr. Carvalho was eighty-two years old.  He leaves two sons, S. S. Carvalho, the newspaper man, who lives at Metuchen, N. J., and David N. Carvalho, of No. 42 East One-Hundred-and-thirty-third-st., who is at present in California.

Information From internet:

http://www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com/Members/ffrenchConnections_2.htm

F) SOLOMON II NUNES CARVALHO (1815/1897)

Charleston, South Carolina.

27 Apr 1815 Born   Attended Charleston College?
1828 Parents left him @13?  to go to Baltimore
1833 Stayed in Charleston
1834 “Professional Artist” Paints Beth Elohim synagogue. After 1838 when it burnt down offers it to Congregation who pay him $50 for it.

Barbados?

1835 onwards  working for “Uncle” ie Emmanuel (or David, his father?
1838 Dry Goods store owner in Charleston
1840 “Child with rabbits” picture used on bank notes US & Canada
20 Mar 1841 visit to Washington DC for silhouette portrait of himself

July 1843 in Bridgetown, Barbados with sister Julia
1844 Barbados self-portrait

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1845-50  Learned the daguerreotype process
16 Jul 1845 writes to Sarah’s brother re marriage
15 Oct 1845 M Sarah Miriam Etting Solis (b 15 Oct 1824/ d Mt Pleasant, NY 2 May 1894-Dau of Jacob daSilva Solis & Charity Hays who had been married by uncle Emanuel Carvalho-Sarah had royal ancestry from Portugal, Castile, Leon &Spain i.e. very establishment family)
1846 Shipwreck on honeymoon to the “Islands”
29 Sep 1848 son David 1-born
1848 visits Washington Dinner with Prof Samuel F B Morse
1849  Exhibition of work. residence 144 Chestnut Street, Phil. (Delightful! see Google Streetview)
1849/50 Officer Hebrew Education Soc

Baltimore, Maryland.

July 1849 opens Gallery of Fine Arts at 205 Baltimore St. prev. location of John Plumbe Jr.
1850 Listed as Daguerrian Washington DC & Baltimore. Advertised his gallery of “Ivory and other Daguerreotypes” at the Odeon, corner of 4-1/2 Street and Pennsylvania Ave, Washington.
1850  Occupation  Artist
1850 census lists family
1850 Painted Little Miss Carvalho “VKA” An Azevedo or Emanuel’s dau?.
Late 1850 moved his business to Washington
1851 advertised in Baltimore as daguerrian & portrait painter

Charleston, South Carolina.

3 Feb 1851 Advt. in Charleston Courier– Gallery at 230 King Street
1852 Spec Ctee Shearith Israel Congregation Synagogue
1852 Listed himself  “Grand Sky-light Daguerrian Gallery @167 Meeting St Charleston
23 Sep 1852 Jacob Solis 2-born (later “Uncle Jack who married Suzanne Walker convert
12 Apr 1853 Charity (Charrie) 3-born
1853 invented process for the transparent enameling of daguerreotypes.
1853 Employed by Jeremiah Gurney NYC to utilize this process

Fremont Expedition.

5 Sep 1853 “Accompanied General John C Fremont on his expedition across the Rockies as the artist of the expedition. Lost for 6 months & mourned as dead, reached California …first ever to put the beauty of the Grand Canyon on canvas” Claire Carvalho
8 Feb Arrived Parowan, Utah -saved by the Mormon Heap family
1 Mar Arrived Salt Lake City-painted many portraits Made a great deal of money.
13 June 1854 arr. Los Angles  “Carvalho & Johnson” Los Angles

Baltimore, Maryland.

1856 Paints portrait of wife Sarah Miriam Solis
Sept 1856 Published “Incidents of Travel & Adventure…with Col. Fremont….” Chose $300 flat fee instead of 5 cents per book which would have paid 5 times as much!
Jan 1856  Solomon III Solis 4-born
1856/7 listed as artist Baltimore directory resident at 35 South Gay St
1857 Founded Beth Israel synagogue, Sephardic Spanish & Portuguese customs
1857 Holiday with Sarah “Revisiting Bermuda” ? Barbados??
1858/9 listed at 81 Liberty St Baltimore
1859 Paints “Little Annie Abrams” aged 2 (She becomes David II’s wife later)
1860 listed at 92 Saratoga St Baltimore
1860 father David I dies & Sarah & family move to NYC-Solomon to New Orleans

New Orleans, Louisiana.

1860/61 Setting up steam heating invention in New Orleans
1861-Civil War time-Carvalho family is not on 1860 Census

NEW YORK CITY,NY

1862 Solomon joins family in NYC
1862 Res 177th St., Tremont Studio at “Dodsworth’s 204 5th Ave  per Nat Acad of Design
1862 Paints son Jacob Solis
1864  studio at 59 East 13th St Paints sister Miriam “Mona Lisa” style
1864 Exhibits self-portrait at National Academy of Design entry 256
1865 Paints portrait Abe Lincoln marking 2nd inauguration March 4.

1870 Census New York District 10.

Solomon Nunes  Carvalho           53 Artist Portrait Painter Real Est $6500 Pers $500
Sarah Miriam Solis  Carvalho      42  keeps house

David Nunes  Carvalho                21  clerk in soap manfg.
Charrie Solis Carvalho                 18  at home
Jacob Solis Carvalho                    17  Clerk lumber yard “Uncle Jack”  
Solomon Solis Carvalho              14
Elizth Kell                                      19  servant

1870 With Sarah directed a religious school-part of Hand-in-Hand Congregation NYC.
1871 Cataract operation.
1872 Fall  Travelled to Martinique with son David. Picture of them both on voyage. Produced “Album of Martinique with 24 plates” Copies in NYC Public Library and Schomberg Collection.
1872/3 Paints wife Sarah.
1877/8 Patents Steam Heating System-awarded Medal of Excellence by American Institute in NYC. Office address 119 Liberty Street then to 107.Resident  177th, Tremont.
Charity Carvalho and husband Adolf Marsheutz lived next door with their 4 children Jules, Solomon, Sarah & Ethel.
1885 Res at 24 East 131st St, NYC.
2 May 1894 Sarah died & Solomon went to live with Charity.
21 May 1897 Solomon died New York City death cert 15519.  Solomon & Sarah were both buried in a plot belonging to The Congregation Shearith Israel in NYC, the Sephardic synagogue founded in 1654.

“Jacob(Jack)  Carvalho, son of Solomon & Sarah, became president of a large lumber company in New York, married late in life to Suzanne Walker and built a lovely home in Lawrence, Long Island where they lived until their death.

“Another Carvalho son, Solomon Solis went into the newspaper business, first with Pulitzer, & then with Hearst, until his death. He also married late in life to a fellow newspaper worker, Helen Cuisak & they had 2 children. “Sol” was a connoisseur of Chinese porcelain.
“the only surviving daughter Charity ( was there another?)  became a painter of miniatures in addition to being a loving daughter, wife & mother”  per Joan Sturhahn’s “Carvalho”

Note: This is a work in progress. Not all newspapers have been searched. In some cases advertisements in Baltimore, Maryland, Washington, D. C. and Charleston, South Carolina have been recorded but have not been followed and recorded. In addition not all articles or advertisements were recorded, before being posted.